Problem Statements – Antennas

1. Reconfigurable Antenna for IoT

Design frequency or polarization reconfigurable antenna using diodes/PIN switches

2.4 GHz & 3.5 GHz, S11 ≤ –10 dB

Show switching mechanism + simulations

2. UWB Antenna

Frequency: 3–12 GHz

S11 < –10 dB

Gain ≥ 5 dBi across the band

3. Metamaterial Absorber

Frequency: 8–10 GHz

Absorption ≥ 90%

Thickness ≤ λ/10

Problem Statements – Microwave Circuits

1. Compact High-Pass Filter

Cutoff: 2 GHz

Insertion Loss ≤ 1.5 dB (up to 5 GHz)

Return Loss ≥ 15 dB

Stopband: >30 dB at 1.6 GHz

Substrate: FR-4 / Rogers

2. SIW Bandpass Filter

Center freq: 5.8 GHz

BW: 400 MHz

Insertion loss < 1.5 dB

Return loss > 15 dB

Problem Statements – Wireless

1. Design a Wi-Fi network for an office complex hosting 400 employees with an estimated 800 devices active during working hours.

a. Capacity: Support 300 simultaneous connections ensuring at least 10 Mbps per user

b. Coverage: Provide at least 90% Wi-Fi coverage across office rooms, meeting rooms, lounges

2. Design a wireless channel model for a rural environment and include the following:

a. Sampling rate – Assume 20 MHz bandwidth

b. Path delays – Include 3 multipath components

c. Average Path gains – typical rural attenuation

d. Maximum Doppler Shift – high mobility (cars) & low mobility (walking)